Homemade drilling rigs

Drilling wells is most often required when installing a well for water, but in addition, periodically such work is needed: install metal poles under fence (gazebo, pergola), create a field for collecting heat from the ground when installing an earth-to-air heat pump, when installing a columnar foundation and many other construction works. A small-sized drilling rig will facilitate and significantly speed up the processes. With some welding skill, you can do it yourself.

Homemade drilling rig

Types of homemade drilling rigs

For independent drilling of wells (for water and not only), at least a small drilling rig is required. The depth of wells is rarely less than 20 meters and it is very difficult to do without using even the simplest mechanisms. If we talk about drilling techniques and types of rubble rigs, then you can do the following drilling with your own hands:

• Shock rope installation. The principle of operation of this type of equipment is based on gravity. At some height, a heavy drill is fixed in sharpened edges - a glass or bailer... It is "dropped" several dozen times. Each time the projectile cuts through some part of the soil, and the rock gets stuck inside the hollow projectile (for loose soils, they are supplied with valves). The glass is removed from the well, the soil is removed. Then the process continues until the well reaches the required depth. For self-execution, such devices are the simplest. In the most cost-effective version, this is a kind of frame that allows the block to be fixed above the well. A long cable with a tied bailer is thrown over the block. You can pull the cable "manually", or you can install a geared motor with a drum.
  

  One of the percussion drilling rigs

• Auger drilling rig. Deepening into the ground occurs with the help of a screw - a rod with blades welded on by a screw. The auger can manually drill wells a couple of meters - underpile foundation, eg. Passing dense layers such as clay or dense sands requires considerable effort. Therefore, a motor with a high torque is required, and they operate from 380 V. And then, auger installations are practically useless on rocky soils. And all the same - it's just a small stone such as rubble or rocks - the auger will not pass them.
  

  Auger drilling rig

• Rotary drilling. The principle of rotation is also used, but drilling fluid (water) is fed into the drill. This is an effective method - the water carries sludge (crushed rock) to the surface, and the drill is very rarely taken to the surface. It is only constantly built up from above, installing additional rods. There are rotary "dry" drilling rigs - without mud, but they require a lot of effort, while the drilling speed is much lower. Therefore, such installations are rarely made and used.

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  Rotary drilling rig

The choice of the type of drilling rig for making it with your own hands depends on the geology of the area where they will be drilling, the depth of the aquifers also affects. The most versatile method is the impact rope method. Different soils pass well with the help of rotary equipment using water (this method is also called hydrodrilling). For different types of soil, different shapes of chisels are used, and the crushed soil is washed out to the surface with water.

The most "capricious" auger drill on soils, but it copes well with viscous soils - clays, loams, but it gets stuck with boulders and stony soil.

Methods for purifying water from a well or well are described here.

Types of homemade rope-percussion drilling rigs

In the manufacture of a drilling rig for wireline percussion drilling, there are two important elements: the bed and the glass (cartridge, bailer). For the simplest option, you can make a bed of three to four pipes that are connected above the place where drilling will take place. A block is attached there, a flexible steel cable is thrown over it. A drill string is tied at the end of the cable. That's the whole construction. This "setting" is set in motion by muscular force - pull the cable, then sharply lower it. The shell gradually deepens.

The most simple designs

To reduce physical stress, a winch is installed, for even greater automation - a motor with a gearbox that rotates the winch shaft. At the same time, it is important to come up with a system that will allow the winch shaft to be released and the thief ejected.

The tripod frame is not always convenient - it requires a large area. Moreover, for stability, the "legs" must be at an equal distance from the center. Jumpers between all supports will also not interfere. In this case, the drilling rig will stand securely. There is another version of the frame - in the form of the letter "H" with telescopic rods (pictured below).

DIY mini drilling rig

The vertical stand is also telescopic. It allows you to change the height from which the projectile is dropped. The rest of the equipment is the same.

Stand for small drilling rig side view

How does a percussion-rope drilling rig, made by hand from improvised materials, work, see the video. It is not difficult to repeat this design exactly.

More details on how to pierce and equip a water well is described here.

How to make a rotary drilling rig

The drilling hydraulic rig must have a frame that allows you to move up / down the motor, to which the drill is connected through a swivel. Also, water flows into the column through the swivel.

Drill construction principles

When making a drilling rig with your own hands, the following procedure is recommended:

• First there should be a swivel and rods. If you are not a qualified turner or do not have one in mind, then it is better to buy these parts. Their manufacture requires high precision, which can be achieved with high qualifications. Moreover, the threads on the swivel and rods must be the same, or an adapter is required. The thread on the rods is better - a trapezoid, since then few turners can make a tapered one.
• Buy motor reducer. If the power supply is from 220 V, then its characteristics are as follows: power 2.2 kW, revolutions - 60-70 per minute (the best: 3MP 31.5 or 3MP 40 or 3MP 50). More powerful ones can be supplied only if there is a 380 V power supply, and more powerful ones are rarely needed.
• You buy a winch, it can be manual or electric. Carrying capacity is desirable at least 1 ton (if possible, better - more).
• When all these components are on hand, you can cook the frame and make a drill. After all, all this equipment is attached to it, and the types of fastening can be different, it is impossible to guess.
  

  Homemade drilling rig

The mini drilling rig frame consists of three parts:

• horizontal platform;
• vertical frame;
• a movable frame (carriage) on which the motor is fixed.

The base is cooked from a thick-walled pipe - wall thickness 4 mm, minimum - 3.5 mm. Better - from a profiled section of 40 * 40 mm, 50 * 50 mm or so, but round is also suitable. Accuracy is unimportant when making the frame of a small rig. It is important to observe geometry: vertical and horizontal, equal angles of inclination, if necessary. And the sizes are "adjusted" in fact. First, the bottom frame is brewed, measured. A vertical frame is made for the available dimensions, and a carriage is made according to its dimensions.

Simple drill forts can be made independently - they are cooked from ordinary steel (drawing in the photo below). If you take high alloy steel, it is difficult to weld it to the rods.For difficult and rocky soils, it is better to buy a drill from a specialized company - they have a complex shape, there are many different types.

Drill drawing 159 mm

To make it easier to work, connect two consoles with the ability to reverse. One is put on the motor, the second on the winch. That, in fact, is all.

In the design of a rotary or auger drilling rig, the main thing is a swivel, but it is unrealistic to make it without experience. For those who want to make it themselves, we will post a photo and its drawing.

Swivel device for rubble installation

Small Drilling Rig Swivel Drawing

Read how to conduct water from the well to the house here.

The simplest installation for auger drilling

If the aquifers are shallow, the soils are soft, a mechanical drilling rig with auger can be dispensed with. This is the same tripod or any other frame with a block through which the cable is thrown. Only instead of a bailer or a drill glass, an auger is tied to the cable. In its upper part there is a crossbar with which it is turned.

Manual drilling rig with auger

To facilitate the process, it is desirable to have a winch or at least a gate (like a well). But you can make a rotary drill similar to the one described above. Only the structure of the swivel will change - it is needed without a drain for the water supply. The work of one of the drilling rigs, assembled by a craftsman with his own hands, from scrap materials - in the next video. You can also consider the design features.

And the last point is a video on how to make a screw for a drilling rig with your own hands.